Which technology controls motor speed for improved energy efficiency in data centers?

The technology that controls motor speed for improved energy efficiency in data centers is the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). A VFD is an electronic device that adjusts the speed and torque of electric motors by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the motor. This capability allows for precise control of motor operations based on actual demand rather than running at full speed regardless of the load.

Implementing VFDs in data centers leads to significant energy savings, especially in applications such as fans, pumps, and compressors, where there are fluctuating load conditions. By optimizing motor speed according to the cooling needs or other operational requirements, VFDs reduce energy consumption, improve system reliability, lower maintenance costs, and contribute to a more sustainable operation.

Other technologies mentioned, such as in-row cooling units, heat exchangers, and economizer mode, play important roles in temperature control and energy savings, but they do not specifically control motor speed or torque to the same extent or in the same manner as VFDs do. Therefore, the VFD stands out as the technology directly responsible for motor speed control in this context.